Historic Status

Massachusetts' earliest ornithologists did not believe that Brown Creepers nested within the borders of the state. By the middle and latter parts of the nineteenth century, they could be swayed. Although generally the species was considered primarily a migrant, they began to also take note of breeding in coniferous forests, especially in Berkshire County and sporadically elsewhere (Howe & Allen 1901). As the state reforested in the twentieth century following the decline of agriculture, the Brown Creeper population increased. This growth may have been partially spurred on by the loss of American Elm trees to Dutch Elm disease across the state (Davis 1978).

Atlas 1 Distribution

Atlas 1 apparently documented Brown Creepers in the midst of a range expansion in Massachusetts. The species was once primarily associated with highland forests in the west and the Worcester Plateau, and they continued to be fairly well distributed in these areas. The western Berkshire Highlands (67% occupancy) and parts of the Marble Valleys (64%) were particularly favored, but no region was completely devoid of creepers. Though more thinly distributed through the Berkshire Transition and Connecticut River Valley, Brown Creepers were found in more than a third of blocks in both the Worcester and Lower Worcester Plateaus. The Coastal Plains reported breeding Brown Creepers throughout the region, with a particular concentration on the eastern border with the Boston Basin. Although Brown Creepers were somewhat local at best in the Lowlands and the Cape and Islands, they were found in better than 20% of blocks in each of these regions, especially where mature wet forest habitat was available.

Atlas 2 Distribution and Change

Brown Creepers made a conservative move in Massachusetts between the two Atlas projects. Rather than push their way into the eastern parts of the state, they instead primarily expanded their distribution in their historic western strongholds. From the Worcester Plateau west the growth was determinedly strong, especially in the Berkshire Transition, in which Brown Creepers conquered half the region in addition to their existing holdings. In small pockets in the east, Brown Creepers did expand, particularly in Essex County and the Bristol/Narragansett Lowlands. Through much of the region, though, the key word for the species was stability.