Site Summary: Site Summary: Bird Island

IBA Criteria:

• Category 1: Sites important for long-term research and/or monitoring projects that contribute substantially to ornithology, bird conservation, and/or education.

• Category 4: Sites containing assemblages of species characteristic of a representative, rare, threatened, or unique habitat within the state or region.

• Category 5: Seabirds: The site regularly supports 300 or more pelagic seabirds and/or terns or 3,000 or more gulls at one time. A pelagic site is the actual location being used by seabirds (e.g., Stellwagen Bank) and not the location from which an observer counts seabirds (e.g., Provincetown). Smaller concentrations of less common gulls such as Laughing or Bonaparte's gullswill be considered. Human-made food sources for gulls such as landfills and sewage outflows will not be considered. The designation "seabirds" includes shearwaters, storm-petrels, fulmars, gannets, jaegers, and alcids.

Site Description:

This island, located a half-mile south of Butler Point, Marion, is composed of eroded glacial till, protected by a riprap wall built in the 1830s; two seasonally flooded ponds; beach of gravel and shell; small areas of low-grade salt marsh; and other substrates including cobbles, boulders, and soil. In some areas there is a cover of herbaceous vegetation that grows as high as 6 or 7 feet tall in summer. The island is exposed to wave action from the southwest, and is washed over in hurricanes and occasional winter storms. A lighthouse is located at the highest point. It was decommissioned in the 1930s but reactivated by a local group in the 1990s.

Current Conservation Status:

The island is subject to perdition by Great Horned Owls from the mainland. It is also subject to perdition by Great Black-backed Gulls, which take fledgling terns during July. The island has steadily eroded and has lost elevation over the past 30+ years, resulting in a loss of available nesting areas for terns. A proposal to reverse this process by covering low-lying parts of the island with dredge spoil has been put forward by state agencies, has been partly funding, and is wending its way through the regulatory process.

Ornithological Significance:

Supports about 60% of the Massachusetts population of Roseate Terns (about 25% of continental population).

Supports about 20% of the Massachusetts population of Common Terns.

One of a small number of islands suitable for seabird nesting in southern Massachusetts (Buzzards Bay).

Long-term research program (32+ years) with ongoing intensive studies of both tern species, and many publications.

Federally Listed Species:

Species	Breeding	Winter	Migration
Roseate Tern	3,500 (incl. chicks) since 1970s	*	*

* None known

State Listed Species:

Species	Breeding	Winter	Migration
Common Tern	6,000-7,000 (incl. chicks) since 1970s	*	*

* None known

Other Flora or Fauna of Significance:

None described.

Data Sources:

None noted.